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Shock
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After loosing about 500 ml (in adults) of blood or fluids in general, the body cannot continue to be supplied with enough oxygen. An increase in pulse, governed by hormones, attempts to compensate this inconvenience. If this doesn’t lead to sufficient oxygen supply, this supply will be interrupted for less important organs, like skin, muscles, liver and kidneys. In addition, the organism can compensate for about 20% of fluids loss by using cellular fluids. If nothing is done, this can cause a thrombosis, collapse, cardiac beat alteration, coma or even death.
Symptoms of shock
Pallor and wet skin, pulse over 100, fast breathing, fearful behavior and subsequent consciousness perturbation and collapse.
Measures
Position of the patient in shock
Because of the dilatation of blood vessels, blood concentrates in arms and legs. Raise the person’s legs about 40 cm from the soil so as to put this blood into circulation. Lay the affected person on a mattress or cushion and cover him with a sleeping bag to prevent cooling. This stressing situation conduces to an increase in oxygen consumption. A few calming words from the rescuer help to offset this effect.
Fluids loss
If shock was produced by a strong hemorrhage, it must be stopped in priority. Next, the lost fluids must be replaced. However, if the digestive system is not working, the affected person will not be capable of absorbing the liquids ingested orally, since they will provoke vomiting. Taking into account the conditions in open-air, a replacement for an infusion is to give very small quantities of liquids, if at all possible, through the buccal mucose, where they can be absorbed.
Transportation
Even if the affected person gets a lot better, the excursion must be canceled in order to evacuate the person. |
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